Correct!
2. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
After examination the trauma surgeons could find no trauma issues. The patient was admitted to a medical floor. The large sac-like air and fluid filled mass in the right chest was most likely a massively dilated esophagus. On further questioning the patient reported that he was having dysphagia with intermittent painful swallowing (odynophagia). He sometimes regurgitated food even hours after eating. He did not report any cough or weight loss. Gastroenterology was consulted. After two unsuccessful attempts because of retained food particles, EGD revealed findings suggestive of achalasia. Achalasia, also known as esophageal achalasia, achalasia cardiae, cardiospasm, and esophageal aperistalsis, is an esophageal motility disorder involving the smooth muscle layer of the esophagus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). It is characterized by incomplete LES relaxation, increased LES tone, and lack of peristalsis of the esophagus (inability of smooth muscle to move food down the esophagus) in the absence of other explanations like cancer or fibrosis.
The diagnosis of achalasia is reached with EGD, esophageal manometry and barium swallow. Various treatments are available, although none cures the condition. Certain medications or Botox may be used in some cases, but more permanent relief is brought by esophageal dilatation and surgical cleaving of the muscle (Heller myotomy).
Which of the following are potential causes of the consolidation in the right lung?