Correct!
5. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
The diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is based on the occurrence of at least one clinical feature: vascular event or pregnancy morbidity
and the presence of at least one type of autoantibody (aPL) on two separate occasions at least 12 weeks apart (1,2).
APS occurs as a primary condition or in the setting of an underlying systemic autoimmune disease such as SLE. Clinical manifestations include:
Pulmonary manifestations include:
APS may cause capillaritis leading to alveolar hemorrhage. It is hypothesized hat endothelial cell activation leads to neutrophil adhesion with endothelial injury and subsequent hemorrhage.
Which of the following treatments have been used for alveolar hemorrhage secondary to APS?