Correct!
2. The majority of patients have the classic triad of fever, stiff neck and altered mental status.

Only 40% of patients with community-acquired bacterial meningitis have the complete classic triad, as in our case. But patients with bacterial meningitis usually have at least two of the listed signs/symptoms.

In our patient’s case, fever might have been initially masked by the naproxen he took about 3 hours before presentation.

A neurologist examined the patient while a propofol infusion was ongoing. The GCS was 3t, pupils 3mm and reactive, eyes were disconjugate and non-tracking, cough reflex positive. Babinski’s were mute bilaterally. The patient’s neck was supple. The neurologist recommended a lumbar puncture and initiation of high-dose ceftriaxone, vancomycin and acyclovir.

Vancomycin 20mg/kg Q12 hourly, ceftriaxone 2gm Q8 hourly and acyclovir 10 mg/kg Q8 hourly were initiated. A lumbar puncture (LP) was performed by the ICU team. The patient’s CSF was grossly cloudy and an opening pressure was not recorded. The CSF had 21 RBC/mm3, 9,326 WBC/mm3, 92% PMNs/4 monos/4 lymphs. The glucose was <5 mg/dL and protein 921 mg/dL. A gram stain showed few GPC pairs. A PCR panel was positive for S. pneumoniae DNA and negative for all other bacterial and viral pathogens tested (including HSV 1 and 2).

Which of the following are true regarding evaluation and early treatment of suspected community-acquired bacterial meningitis? (Click on the correct answer to be directed to the third of 5 pages)

  1. A brain CT should always be performed before the lumbar puncture to assess the risk of cerebral herniation.
  2. Antibiotics should be withheld until the lumbar puncture is performed to avoid diminishing the sensitivity of CSF gram stain and cultures.
  3. The lack of typical CSF findings (WBC >1000 /mm3, >80% neutrophils, glucose <20 mg/dL and protein >200 mg/dL) can be relied upon to rule-out community-acquired bacterial meningitis.
  4. Five to forty percent of pneumococcal isolates are intermediate or resistant to ceftriaxone, thus necessitating the addition of vancomycin.
  5. Empirical ampicillin should be added to the empirical antibiotic regimen for patients >50 years of age with suspected bacterial meningitis.

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