Correct!
5. All of the above
All are true in adult patients. ELS more commonly presents in children and 50-60% are associated with congenital pulmonary airway malformation (sometimes termed a hybrid lesion), congenital heart disease or vertebral anomalies, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, or Scimitar syndrome. These associations are rarely true in adult patients.
Traditionally treatment has been surgical resection. ELS with separate pleural investments can usually be removed sparing normal lung tissue. However, with ILS, segmental resection or even lobectomy will be necessary. Embolization has also been successful when a right to left shunt is present. Spontaneous involution has also been reported.
Our patient was offered surgical resection but after hearing the benefits versus the possible complications, she decided to be followed without surgical intervention at this time.
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