Correct!
5. All of the above

All of the entities listed can cause spontaneous pneumothorax. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a cystic lung disorder that is well-known to predispose to, and may even present with, spontaneous pneumothorax. Endometriosis may rarely result in pleural implants that can cause spontaneous pneumothorax, and may be a major etiologic mechanism for catamenial pneumothorax, although endometriosis-related spontaneous pneumothorax has been known to present in the intermenstrual period as well. Both malignant pleural mesothelioma and sarcomas metastatic to the lung have rarely been reported to present with spontaneous pneumothorax.

The patient subsequently underwent thoracic CT for evaluation of the potential cause of her pneumothorax (Figure 3).

Figure 3. Axial unenhanced thoracic CT scan

Which of the following is correct regarding this thoracic CT examination? (Click on the correct answer to proceed to the fourth of eight panels)

1. The thoracic CT shows numerous, bilateral, thin-walled pulmonary cysts
2. The thoracic CT shows central thromboembolic disease
3. The thoracic CT shows randomly disseminated small pulmonary nodules consistent with miliary disease
4. The thoracic CT shows subtle inhomogeneous attenuation involving the lung parenchyma
5. The thoracic CT shows peribronchial and mediastinal lymph node enlargement

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